Amino Acids are the small building blocks that make up peptides, and proteins. Each amino acid has a unique structure, and as such plays a specific role within the body. There are around 20 different types considered to be most important for human health. 

Amino acids are a class of ingredients. They can also be found on ingredients lists as acetyl glucosamine, acetyl tyrosinamide, alanine, arginine, arginine hcl, arginine pca, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine and valine and yeast amino acids.


Renude

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dullness

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I have chosen this potent anti-ageing treatment to target the key areas of ageing you mention are concerns for you: wrinkles, skin firmness, enlarged pores and pigmentation.

Amino acids are the small building blocks that make up peptides, and proteins. Each amino acid has a unique structure, and as such plays a specific role within the body. There are around 20 different types considered to be most important for human health. In the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, they are present in the ‘natural moisturising factors’, our skin’s own moisturising mechanism, and they help to support water transport between skin cells to keep our surface smooth and hydrated.

amino acids

argania spinosa kernel oil (organic)

Argan oil is derived from the nut of the Argan tree which grows in Morocco. It is naturally high in Vitamin E and fatty acids, which work to nourish the skin, protect the natural lipid barrier and provide antioxidant protection against free radicals.

Niacinamide, also known as Vitamin B3 and Nicotinamide, has many skincare benefits. Firstly, it regulates sebum production in the skin, which in turn reduces blemishes and visible pore size. It also reduces facial redness by improving microcirculation, which means moving the blood inside the capillaries away from the face to reduce visible redness. It also has the ability to strengthen the natural lipid barrier of the skin by encouraging ceramide production (the building blocks which seal our skin cells together), which in turn increases the hydration within the epidermis. Lastly, niacinamide works to help reduce hyperpigmentation by blocking melanin from being deposited on the skin cells.

niacinamide

Many peptides function as anti-ageing ingredients in skincare, due to their ability to fit specific receptors in the body to trigger anti-ageing responses. This includes mechanisms like collagen production, cell regeneration or even blocking muscle contractions to smooth expression lines. Peptides are made up of amino acids, and are unique in shape, with a huge variety available to target specific responses in the body.

palmitoyl oligopeptide

palmitoyl tetrapeptide

retinaldehyde

Vitamin A, aka Retinol, is one of the most well-researched actives used in skincare today. Retinol and all of its derivatives are broken down within the skin first into retinaldehyde, then into retinoic acid, the active form recognised by the body to trigger it’s skin benefits.

Retinoic acid (aka tretinoin) is the gold standard of anti-ageing and works in a number of ways. Firstly, it blocks the production of collagen-degrading enzymes, meaning collagen does not get broken down as quickly in the skin. After prolonged use (6M+), it has also been shown to stimulate the production of type I and type III collagen, reducing wrinkles and improving skin firmness. It has been shown to protect against UV-induced damage, as well as reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation in the skin. Skin treated with retinoids is smoother, more even-toned, firmer and younger looking.

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body), created to improve the ingredient stability. It works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

sodium hyaluronate

Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide which occurs naturally in the body. Hyaluronic acid works as an extremely powerful humectant, able to attract 1000x its own weight in water, to immediately plump and hydrate the area it is applied to. The body’s own production of hyaluronic acid slows with age, so supplementing this ingredient in topical formulations helps to support the skin’s natural moisture-binding, anti-ageing mechanisms.

A multitasking overnight mask supercharged with a time-release Retinaldehyde, 13.5% Peptide Complex, 9 Antioxidants, & 5 Brighteners, to hydrate and brighten stressed-out skin, as it repairs all signs of premature aging. Formulated with our patented Ally-R™, an encapsulated form of Retinaldehyde, it also combats blemishes, smoothens wrinkles, and reverses sun damage, all without any of the traditional irritation. Working while you sleep to boost your skin’s immunity and accelerate skin cell renewal, this overnight mask also boost the skin’s natural reparative process and its defenses against environmental aggressors, giving new life to dull, sallow skin. While nutrient and antioxidant-rich Organic Argan Oil and Arctic Cranberry Seed Oil provide skin with superior hydration. Clinically proven to help problematic skin types regenerate faster, reducing acne lesions by 67.2% in 28 days. Due to the Retinal content, this formula is not recommended if pregnant/breastfeeding.

I've chosen this squalane-based vitamin c serum for your routine to target overall brightness and radiance. It contains 3% of an oil-soluble form of vitamin c (tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate), which is much more stable and has better tolerability vs. pure ascorbic acid.

Squalane is a natural substance usually derived from olives. It is structurally very similar to our skin’s own sebum, so is a great ingredient to support our own natural skin processes. In drier skin, which is naturally lacking in natural sebum, it helps to support the skin barrier to prevent water loss, which results in more hydrated, smooth and plump skin. Due to its sebum-mimicking structure, it is non-comedogenic, meaning it won’t cause breakouts, so is also suitable for oily and acne-prone skin. It can be a great option to reduce any over-stimulation of the sebaceous glands, which can occur with excess cleansing (and make breakouts worse). It also works to support the skin barrier to combat any drying effects caused by ingredients commonly associated with acne treatment, so is a great ingredient for all skin types.

squalane

tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate

Vitamin C has many skin benefits, including its action as an antioxidant, to neutralise free radicals (reactive molecules with an unpaired electron), preventing them from causing damage to cells within the body. Vitamin C is also involved in the collagen-production process, so provides anti-wrinkle activity through this mechanism. Lastly, Vitamin C inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin-synthesis, and can therefore visibly reduce areas of hyperpigmentation in the skin.

C-Deep Vitamin C Serum by DoSe contains Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, a highly stable, fast-absorbing vitamin C derivative that provides antioxidant protection against oxidative damage from UV and pollutants. Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate serum penetrates deeper than comparable Vitamin C serums to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, as well as firm, even out skin tone and brighten your overall complexion.

This group contains Vitamin C serums which are based on derivatives of ascorbic acid, and therefore may be more suited to those who can't tolerate ascorbic acid in it's pure form.

Vitamin C serum picks - Non-ascorbic acid

This vitamin c formula is loaded with a lipid-soluble of Vitamin C (known as tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate), making it super stable whilst minimising irritation. The formula has a jojoba oil base, which is very similar to the skins natural sebum, so this a great option for all skin types.

This serum formula contains 20% ethylated ascorbic acid. This derivative is close to pure ascorbic acid so has great efficacy, but due to its slightly altered molecular structure it is much better tolerated by occasionally sensitive skin.

This vitamin c formula contains 3% of a lipid-soluble of Vitamin C (known as tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate). The formula has a squalane base, which is very similar to the skins natural sebum, so this a great option for all skin types.

Cruelty free

UK made

Diverse founder

Female founder

Unfragranced

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This formula contains everything you need as your daily hydrator and protection step. It includes Vitamin C to help protect against UV and free radical damage and encourage collagen production in the skin to help reduce fine lines and wrinkles. It also includes broad-spectrum UV protection to reduce any further damage from sunlight.

Ascorbyl palmitate is an oil-soluble Vitamin C ester, produced by the reaction of ascorbic acid and palmitic acid. This oil-soluble form works to improve stability against oxidation (something L-ascorbic acid is notorious for), as well as improve skin affinity to allow the ingredient to penetrate further.

ascorbyl palmitate

ginkgo biloba leaf extract

Ginkgo Biloba is a tree native to Asia, one of the oldest plant species on the planet, and rich in flavonoids and terpenoids. These provide powerful antioxidant protection, reducing potential damage caused by reactive free radicals. Studies have also shown Gingko Biloba to provide skin-smoothing and hydrating properties. 

Panthenol is a form of Vitamin B5, which is converted into Pantothenic acid within the epidermis when applied topically. Its main benefit in cosmetics is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to.

Panthenol also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

panthenol

Vitamin B5 is as a humectant, meaning it can draw water molecules to it, hydrating and plumping the area it has been applied to. It also supports the natural lipid barrier of the skin, by encouraging the production of a precursor to fatty acids & sphingolipids, both of which are essential parts of the skin barrier. This mechanism helps to moisturise the skin by reducing trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), therefore retaining more moisture within the skin. This also helps to reduce inflammation in dry or broken skin, as an intact skin barrier will prevent potential irritants from getting into the epidermis.

The name for a group of lipids comprising of a fatty acid, glycerol & phosphate. Lecithin in an example of a phospholipid.

phospholipids

Our outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, has a multilamellar structure (essentially a fine membrane), made up of lipids (fats), to form a non-permeable barrier. This keeps water inside the skin, and acts as the first defense against external aggressors. The lipids which make up the majority of this are known as ceramides, which are produced naturally in the body from a range of other naturally-occurring lipids, which we class here as essential lipids (not the same as essential fatty acids, which are deemed ‘essential’ as the body cannot produce these naturally.) Using these lipids in skincare helps to support the natural skin barrier, preventing water-loss to keep skin hydrated and balanced.

Vitamin A derivative. It is broken down in the body to retinol, and then into retinaldehyde, then again into retinoic acid, the active form recognised by the body to trigger it’s skin benefits.

retinyl palmitate

Sodium PCA is the sodium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), which is found naturally in the body, and in the skin’s natural moisturising factor (NMF). PCA acts as a humectant, meaning it draws water to it, plumping and hydrating the area. The skin’s NMF ensures adequate hydration of the stratum corneum, which also works to support the overall barrier function of the skin, regulating trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Including Sodium PCA in skincare supports this natural mechanism of the skin.

sodium pca

Natural moisturising factor (NMF) is a substance produced by the body, made up of minerals, lactate, urea, amino acids & humectants, which coats the surface skin cells to keep them moisturised. NMF increases the skin’s ability to retain moisture, which results in more hydrated, plump, smoother skin.

Tocopheryl acetate is a specific form of the fat-soluble Vitamin E, with improved stability vs. Tocopherol. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

tocopheryl acetate

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble Vitamin contained in many plant oils, or can also be produced synthetically. Vitamin E is found naturally in our own skin, and it’s main benefit is to offer powerful antioxidant protection against pollution and free radical damage. It also helps to support our skin’s natural lipid barrier, which in turn improves the hydration levels within the epidermis, as water loss through the skin is minimised.

vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract

Resveratrol in a polyphenol most famously found in the skin of red grapes, but also occurs naturally in peanuts and certain fruits such as blueberries and cranberries. It is included in skincare for its powerful antioxidant abilities - with research showing it can protect against free radicals, as well as oxidative damage caused by UV. 

Improve your skin’s defence barrier and maintain optimal hydration with Murad Enviramental Shield Essential C Day Moisture SPF 30. This powerful antioxidant-rich sunscreen shields and restores environmentally stressed skin. The increased vitamin C and SPF in Murad Enviramental Shield Essential C Day Moisture SPF 30 provides powerful protection against harmful UVA/UVB rays and free radical damage. This protective lotion features the patented Skin Repair System which improves radiance, firmness and elasticity, leaving your skin looking wonderful whilst keeping it fully protected.

Amino Acids

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Amino Acids

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